The developed analytical method and numerical discrete algorithm could be also applicable in qualifying the repair quality of other optical components applied in high-power laser systems. Solved Question for you on Reflection and Refraction of light using Huygens Principle. Our technique accounts for microscale wave-optics effects such as diffraction and interference as well as interactions between nearby particles. Paper presented at: Fraunhofer-Institut fur Chemische Technologie 31st International Conference June 2730, 2000 Karlsruhe, Germany. In modern physics, the double-slit experiment demonstrates that light and matter can satisfy the seemingly-incongruous classical definitions for both. Light from a green laser passing through two slits 0.4mm wide and 0.1mm apart. Quantitative morphological characterization of high explosive crystal grains by light diffraction and microscopy. Photons or matter (like electrons) produce an interference pattern when two slits are used. The phase characterization of the outgoing light is proposed as an evaluation tool in the repair of KDP crystals. In this paper, we present a generalized framework capable of systematically and rigorously computing bulk scattering parameters beyond the far-field assumption of Lorenz-Mie theory. Mang JT, Skidmore CB, Kramer JF, Phillips DS. Significantly, the experimental results on the downstream light intensity distribution have good agreement with the simulation ones, which proves the validity of the established downstream light diffraction model. Therefore, the phase characteristics of the outgoing light could be suggested as a vital research topic for future research on the downstream light field modulation caused by mitigation contours. The modulation generated in the whole downstream light field is greater than that caused by the amplitude change. The results show that the phase offset caused by the repaired surface produces a large light field modulation near the rear KDP surface. Diffraction, on the other hand, refers to the phenomenon of waves bending as they pass through an opening or around the edge of an object. Such structures exist in ferrite films made from uniaxial magnetic garnets with small positive anisotropy constants. In order to analyze the downstream light field modulation caused by Gaussian mitigation pits on KDP crystals, a computational model of the downstream light diffraction based on the angular spectrum theory and the Gaussian repair contour is established. Results of theoretical and experimental investigation of magnetooptic light diffraction by biperiodic stripe domain structures are presented. However, the repaired KDP surface could cause light propagating turbulence and downstream light intensification with the potential risk to damage downstream optics. Download a PDF of the paper titled Application of light diffraction theory to qualify the downstream light field modulation property of mitigated KDP crystals, by Hao Yang and 7 other authors Download PDF Abstract:Micro-milling can effectively remove laser damage sites on a KDP (potassium dihydrogen phosphate) surface and then improve the laser damage resistance of the components.
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![]() Li intends to go to the United States to join his wife, Yana, who had arrived there months earlier through a student visa. The immigrants include businessman Martin Li, of Fuzhou City. Previously a “snakehead slaver,” or human smuggler, he oversees the transport of Chinese citizens to the United States aboard a cargo ship called Golden Mountain. ![]() While his real name remains unknown, details about Mister Negative emerge per his own account. But in his other identity, that of the ruthless underworld figure Mister Negative, he uses his extradimensional energy powers to corrupt anything he touches as the leader of a criminal empire. I think I have a realistic base in my action-performing/ stunt background, so I try to bring that kind of energy to the scenarios.As a wealthy and widely hailed philanthropist, the man known as Martin Li uses his financial resources to help those in need. But at the end of the day I don't think anyone wants a copy of someone else's performance, no matter how close it is. ![]() I'd be lying if I didn't say I'm not influenced by it. As far as Arkham Knight, that portrayal is iconic. So the temptation is just to lean super heavy into that. ![]() We all know Jason's backstory, his anger, his disappointments, his pain. The team at WB Montreal is doing everything they can to make Red Hood as dynamic a character as possible. What can you tell us about your take on Red Hood in Gotham Knights, and how much your version of the character is inspired by what we saw unfold in Batman: Arkham Knight? To be honest, I've been practising my scuba skills for Namor. You’re no stranger to superhero movies and TV shows thanks to roles in Thor, Legends of Tomorrow, and Runaways, but are there any other characters, aside from Mr. But even if all they have is a newspaper clipping of the guy, I'd be happy. Negative is in the next Spider-Man game, where would you like to see his story go? And believe it or not, we had a lot of laughs too, because at that moment we were back to being a bunch of kids playing out a battle with our action figures in a sandbox. There was that much excitement and energy in the air. The first time we were together was electric! To be able to play with all the other actors as these iconic characters together in one space, it felt like a championship sports team taking the field. That was one of the highlights of the shoot. What was it like shooting that battle with Spider-Man using motion-capture? It must have been pretty cool to not only delve into Martin Li’s origin, but to join the Sinister Six as well. And bringing out the human side to the monster was the most satisfying part of the job. To be one of the few Asian faces in that world is a dream come true. Negative was one of the few big name Asian characters in that universe, so I was humbled and ecstatic to have them push him deeper into the fabric of the story until he became this critical piece of the game. What did it mean to you to bring that villain to life there?Įveryone at Insomniac and Marvel knew that Mr. Martin Li was a pivotal part of the game, and his story arc was both complex and emotional. Hey If you wanted to throw your boy some work that’d be cool. I've been called by Geico a few times letting me know I can save 15% or more on my car insurance rates. I have to ask - is there any chance you’ve been in contact with Marvel Studios about this role, or any others? I'd say I'm handy with a negative energy sword! Negative again in a live-action version I'd wager what I'd bring is a continuity and consistency to character that fans might appreciate because the relationships are already baked into the performance. But if we're taking a mental walk, and in some strange and amazing universe I got to play Mr. Honestly, if they're casting Li, best wishes to the winning actor. You know Li well thanks to the Spider-Man game, but what do you feel you could bring to a live-action version of Mr. As a personal aside to Kevin Feige.you know I'm down to come back! For my part, I'm just grateful to have played a great character in an amazing game, and to have worked with the world-class team at Sony Insomniac and Marvel Entertainment. I think every actor knows that being involved with Marvel is a game changer career-wise. Negative received a lot of attention online you have plenty of experience playing the character and 100% look the part, but what would it mean to you to get to play him in the MCU?Īny opportunity to play in the Marvel universe is a privilege and an honor. ![]() The best part about this open-source app is that it is also free with no in-app purchases. It features a simple yet modern interface with light and dark themes, offline reading, a search, widgets, and more. What makes Flym different from its competitors is that it sends you notifications of new articles. Just all other RSS reader apps for Android, you can add and curate RSS feeds from different sites and blogs in Flynn. Feedly Pro and Pro+ plans are priced at $8 and $16 per month, respectively.ĭownload Feedly for Android 2. Of course, they all are part of the Feedly Pro version.įeedly works as a subscription service. Feedly also offers Google Keyword alerts, IFTTT integration, the ability to use notes and highlighter, and more. You can view it as an advanced Pocket app. You can even create different boards to organize the saved articles. Follow up to 100 sources, sort the sites you follow into topical categories, watch YouTube videos, and read full-text articles (when available) in a distraction-free, minimalist view. Using Feedly Pro, you can also use OneNote to save articles and integrate your Twitter feed.įeedly’s free plan offers most of the features casual readers need. Feedly offers three main services – Pocket, Instapaper, and Evernote accounts for better integration. Feedlyįeedly is primarily an RSS service that offers an app and other functions for a better mobile device experience. But how do you find the right one? We’ve narrowed down to the top five choices below. Thankfully, there are many amazing RSS readers on Android. Once you choose to go back to RSS (or get started with an account), you’ll need a newsreader app to go with it. The RSS is the only reliable way to view the content you want instead of handing over the control to a site or dedicated app that publishes news. If you love devouring RSS feeds, like many others on the GT team, there are a few worthy RSS feed reader apps for the Android platform. Reading news over social channels can get overwhelming at times. Instead of opening several sites in different tabs or tracking news among various social media channels such as Facebook and Twitter, you can invest in a central RSS app to see all new content. These apps basically access your favorite sites’ RSS feeds to let them aggregate and curate content you want to read. RSS apps offer you all the fresh content from your favorite blogs and sites in a single spot. Give this a spin! Love to hear your thoughts and comments on the app.When you want to follow fresh content on your favorite topics, writers, publications, and channels, nothing beats an RSS (Really Simple Syndication) reader app. Maning, if you find an RSS feed that you can pass that along straight to the app to add. You will need to hunt for those Rss feeds yourself but the NetNewsWire does offer the ability of the Shared Sheet. The other downside is that there is no discovery or a feature that helps me to find Rss feeds. It really didn’t impact me much, but I think they need to offer more services so that others can convert over easily. Is the fact it only supports two services like Feedly and Feeddler. The only downside of this posting and I hope they will expand on. The configurations and the many options it was a no brainer for me to be converted. The Reader feature is like the full text that you find in other readers. This is something that you generally must pay for or least buy an in-app purchases in other Rss readers. But they offer something called the Reader feature. One of the biggest sellers for me is that not only is it free. You really can access everything on and from the main page. It is simple without a lot of settings or places to find things. Being completely free and has zero ads and no in-app purchases should be an indicator or least raise your eye browse. ![]() This is an open source program which I am always a huge fan of software that are open sourced. As various places have rotor options that clearly shows me that this was on purpose. You can really tell that accessibility was put into this. I was truly amazed how accessible this app was right out of the box on its opening day. NetNewsWire is now my go to RSS Reader of choice on the iOS. As I have been a long-time user and a fan of the Lire and Newsify that I wasn’t quite sure if it would have enough for me to pull away of something, I’ve used every day for years. When I first heard that it was coming to the iOS. Many Mac users may have heard of the NetNewsWire as this has been around for a long time on the platform. ![]() One brake pedal not working, master cylinder needs rebuilding. Most non-stocked parts can be shipped overnight and attachments within a few days. Case 450C Long Track, 4 cyl Cummins, 6 way blade with ripper, good bottom, solid machine. So if we don't have what you are looking for, simply contact us and we will locate it for you. Our business may be small but our commitment to our clients to offer the lowest price, excellent support and superior service is huge. Select One -, Hastings, Kasson, Northfield, Adams, Plainview. We have 5 locations in key places to serve our clients: Cross Lanes, Bridgeport, Beckley and Parkersburg West Virginia and in Ashland Kentucky. Equipment, Krone Forage Equipment, and Lawn and Garden needs. Other services include new and used attachments, rentals, service, and parts sales. is a family owned and operated business specializing in new and used construction and farming equipment. State Equipment has the largest inventory of CASE, Kubota, and Doosan in the Tri-State, so we can deliver within just a few days what other dealers may do in a month. The Advantages of Genuine CASE-Approved Fluids. 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State Equipment is the largest CASE Construction Equipment dealer in West Virginia and the only dealer in the region that has earned the recognition of being a CASE Diamond Dealer. We are excited to announce the addition of Case IH’s red equipment to Westborough and Woburn, Massachusetts, and South Windsor, Connecticut locations. Crawler Supply Company is a locally owned heavy equipment dealer in the Baton Rouge (Louisiana) area. ![]() No dividend reinvestment service is provided by the Trust. The yield does not include long- or short-term capital gains distributions. The quarterly distribution yields are calculated by annualizing actual dividends distributed for the quarterly period ended on the most recent quarterly distribution date and dividing by the net asset value for the same date. The distribution yield for monthly paying Funds is calculated by annualizing actual dividends distributed for the monthly period ended on the date shown and dividing by the net asset value on the last business day for the same period. The Unsubsidized 30 Day SEC yield excludes contractual expense reimbursements. The Subsidized yield includes contractual expense reimbursements and it would be lower without those reimbursements. The SEC yield is an annualized yield based on the most recent 30 day period. There can be no assurance that a portfolio will achieve any particular level of yield or return and actual results may vary significantly from estimated YTM. Estimated YTM is not a projection or prediction of the actual yield or return that a portfolio may achieve or any other future performance results. Also, estimated YTM is not intended to indicate that a portfolio will actually hold any or all of its portfolio securities to maturity in practice, and various securities may be sold or otherwise disposed of prior to maturity. A portfolio’s actual yield or distribution rate may be significantly lower than its estimated YTM in practice. The measure does not reflect the deduction of fees and expenses and is not necessarily indicative of the Fund's actual performance. In general, the calculation will incorporate the yield based on the notional value of all derivative instruments held by a Fund. PIMCO pulls each security's YTM from PIMCO's Portfolio Analytics database. PIMCO calculates a Fund's Estimated YTM by averaging the YTM of each security held in the Fund on a market-weighted basis. YTM accounts for the present value of a bond’s future coupon payments. Yield to Maturity (YTM) is the estimated total return of a bond if held to maturity. ![]() Index supplements traditional ESG measures with two expected return drivers linked to ESG principles – financial discipline and diversity – to help improve performance potential. Aims for improved performance potential.companies that rate well across various ESG themes. The integrated environment, social responsibility, and governance (ESG) strategy takes a rules-based approach, overweighting U.S. Index begins with the RAFI Fundamental Index methodology, a time-tested smart beta built on contrarian investing and disciplined rebalancing. ETF seeks to provide total return that closely corresponds, before fees and expenses, to the total return of the RAFI ESG US Index Index aims to help investors achieve the dual objectives of social responsibility and long-horizon outperformance of the broad market. Pursues Social Responsibility and Improved Return Potentialīy integrating ESG metrics with a smart beta strategy, RAFI ESG U.S.Contact ETF Channel Meet Our Editorial Staff. Minutes ETF data powered by Ticker Technologies, and Mergent. Video widget and ETF videos powered by Market News Video. By visiting, using or viewing this site, youĪgree to the following Full Disclaimer & Terms of UseĪnd Privacy Policy. Liable for any loss or damage caused by your reliance on information obtained. ![]() its subsidiaries, partners, officers, employees, affiliates, or agents be held All viewers agree that under noĬircumstances will BNK Invest, Inc. ![]() Transaction, or investment strategy is suitable for any specific person. None of the information contained herein constitutes a recommendation that any particular security, portfolio, or any of its affiliates, subsidiaries or partners. Nothing in ETF Channel is intended to be investment advice, nor does it represent the opinion of, counselįrom, or recommendations by BNK Invest Inc. Marketers purchase ads that can appear in several places including on Facebook, Instagram, Messenger, and third-party applications and websites.įB - Key Stats (updated Friday, June 3, 10:29 AM)ĭividendRank'ed Dow Transports ComponentsĮnergy Stocks You Can Buy Cheaper Than Insiders DidĬrossing Above Their 200 Day Moving AverageĬrossing Below Their 200 Day Moving AverageĮTFs Holding FB | Meta Platforms Inc | ETF Channel | |Ĭopyright © 2009 - 2023, All Rights Reserved Co.'s ads enable marketers to reach people based on a variety of factors including age, gender, location, interests, and behaviors. sells advertising placements to marketers. Co.'s products include: Facebook, Instagram, Messenger, WhatsApp, and Facebook Reality Labs. Meta Platform is building products that enable people to connect and share with friends and family through mobile devices, personal computers, virtual reality headsets, and in-home devices. ![]() Understanding Image transform filtering (preserving image quality by choosing the right filtering and concatenation settings).Premultiplication workflow (RBG and AOV Utility passes).Integrating multiple different image sources into the final image (colour, exposure contrast, lens effects, depth haze and black levels matching).Capable of applying retimes and repositions to your shots, within the context of your plate and all its elements.Understanding different file formats and compression.Strong understanding of colours, colour spaces and working with Look Up Tables (LUT).Willing to show progress frequently and able to receive and discern feedback objectively.Strong communication skills to describe and present your work with confidence. ![]() Think of them as a bonus skill that will impress. The word "Bonus" indicates skills that are highly desirable, but not required to be certified. Important! The following list of skills is used by our assessment team to verify if you qualify for a Certified Digital Artist (CDA) accreditation. ![]() You must be proficient and capable of completing all these skills and capabilities. The following information outlines the exact skills you need to demonstrate as a Certified Digital Artist. They can be freelancers or employed by different studios. Compositors are the last part of the VFX production process that's done on-site. They also consider the visual aspects of a scene and relight any objects that get hit by a light. A Compositor is responsible for assembling the final shot by combining final layers/renders from other departments.Īlthough it is primarily a 2D role, compositing is interesting in that it requires someone to have an artistic eye, as well as a good knowledge of the CG process, cinematography and storytelling.Ĭompositors create the final image of a film or a sequence of shots, by combining various digital materials such as live action footage and computer-generated images. The buck stops with them - a film's Director will approve shots coming out of this department, that will make up the final edit. Compositors are often called "The Finisher". Below is an example of a very basic in-cell pictograph. You can use the =REPT( text,number_times) function to repeat a character, as demonstrated in the article " Create a Dot Plot in Excel". Data Bars and Pictographs Pictographs or Dot Plots Emoji Rating System □įor a larger list of emoticons, see this page. The feature comparison template demonstrates how you can use a data validation drop-down list to create a star-rating by entering ★,★★,★★★ into the Source box for the list. See the CRM Template for an example of how these symbols are used. Copy the following characters (including the comma), and paste them into the Source field: ☐, ☑ Check Marks and Check Boxes ✓ Try It - Create a Substitute for a Checkbox in Excel: Open a new worksheet in Excel, select cell A1 then go to Data > Data Validation and select the List option. You can also use stars or flag symbols for flagging priority items in a list. I've demonstrated this in various task list and action item templates. Using special symbols or dingbats within drop-down lists is a great substitute for a checkbox in Excel. ![]() = UNICODE( MID( text_string, ROW( INDIRECT("1:"& LEN( text_string))),1)) Symbols in Data Validation Drop-Downs If you want to try something fancy, you can use the following array formula (press Ctrl+Shift+Enter after entering an array formula) to return an array of Unicode values for each of the characters in a text string. It returns the numeric decimal Unicode value for the first character in a text string, like this: = UNICODE( "✔") returns 10004 The UNICHAR function is perhaps the most useful, because it will return the character for a given decimal value (UTF-8 and UTF-16), like this: = UNICHAR( 10004) returns ✔ The UNICODE and UNICHAR functions have been available since Excel 2013 and are similar to the older CODE and CHAR functions. Others are just examples of what I like to use such as (->) for ►. Some of the names in parentheses are the same named used for the HTML equivalent, such as ° for ° and ÷ for ÷. The table below lists only SOME of the thousands of symbols you might want to use. m (Newton-meter).įiles > Options > Proofing > Autocorrect Options.For example (plusmn) for ±, and (middot) for the dot you place between units in labels like N I've been doing this for years, and have found that using the abbreviated name or graphical representation in parentheses works great. A window will pop that lets you define shortcuts for special symbols. In Excel 2013/2016, go to File > Options > Proofing and click on Auto-correct Options. The cool thing is that you can add your own custom shortcuts for the special characters or symbols that you use the most. If you don't want that to happen, you can press Ctrl+z to undo the auto-correct. When using this feature, you type (c) and then either press Enter or another character, and Excel changes it to ©. You may already be familiar with how (c) automatically changes to © and (r) changes to ® in Office applications. Excel: Create Shortcuts to Insert Symbols Using Auto-Correct I use this a LOT (only took a dozen or so times before I had the shortcut memorized), and you can see from my screenshot which emojis I use most recently. Open the Emoji Keyboard Panel by pressing ⊞ Win+. The new Windows 10 update added a way to insert emojis from the keyboard. See the references below for a list of ALT codes. I've only learned one code by heart: ALT+0169 is the © symbol. Hold the Alt key while you press the number sequence then lift up on the ALT key. Some special characters can be inserted by pressing ALT+#, where the # is entered using the number pad. Windows: Inserting Special Symbols Using ALT Codes If you have found the Decimal code (which I have listed on this page for many symbols), you display it in html as NNNN (leaving out the "x"). ![]() You can use the hexidecimal Character code value to display a character in html by entering it as NNNN where NNNN is the hex code. Unfortunately, there isn't a good search feature to find what you want. IMPORTANT: The Arial font doesn't list many Unicode symbols, so change the Font to " Segoe UI Symbol" then in the Subset dropdown, select " Miscellaneous Symbols" and start scrolling down. It will tell you the name of the symbol as well as the character code. You can browse some of the unicode characters using the Insert > Symbol dialog. My favorite searchable resource for seeing what emojis look like in other software is 2. If you are editing the text or formula within a cell, then it will paste just the character (instead of the formatting from the web page). ![]() Usually, you can just select the unicode character from your browser and press Ctrl+ c to copy it, then Ctrl+ v to paste it into Excel. There are many places on the internet to find lists of unicode characters. ![]() Can also recover the data from the damaged devices and can save it to your PC. ![]() Offers you three different methods of restoring the data that you have lost you can either connect the iOS device to your PC and scan it for the file signatures, extract it from an iTunes backup or from iCloud.An impressive application which will let you instantly restore lost data from your iPhone by simply extracting the information from your iOS device, from iTunes or from iCloud.You can also download Primo iPhone Data Recovery.įeatures of Anvsoft SynciOS Data Recoveryīelow are some noticeable features which you’ll experience after Anvsoft SynciOS Data Recovery free download. All in all Anvsoft SynciOS Data Recovery is a very handy application which is used for restoring the lost data from your iPhone. It can detect recently deleted files and items that are stored in your iOS device. This application allows you to preview images, videos, contacts, messages, WhatsApp items, call history calendars and reminders etc. The data has been sorted by type which are Photos & Videos, Messages & Call log anf Memos & Others. It can display the recovered files letting you preview each one of them before saving the desired items. Once you have connected the iPhone to the computer, this software can scan it as well as extract the remaining information. You can also download FonePaw iPhone Data Recovery. You can also recover the data from the damaged devices and can save it to your PC. This application offers you three different methods of restoring the data that you have lost you can either connect the iOS device to your PC and scan it for the file signatures, extract it from an iTunes backup or from iCloud. Anvsoft SynciOS Data Recovery OverviewĪnvsoft SynciOS Data Recovery is an impressive application which will let you instantly restore lost data from your iPhone by simply extracting the information from your iOS device, from iTunes or from iCloud. It is full offline installer standalone setup of Anvsoft SynciOS Data Recovery. Anvsoft SynciOS Data Recovery Free Download Latest Version. ![]() Starwing German Rom = bad framerate half of it, but good sound and music Secret of Mana German Rom = Bad Sound and incorrect Music, video framerate good Secret of Mana 2 German Patch Rom = some Music tracks are incorrect working and some other music tracks good working, video framerate good Yoshis Island USA Rom = good 60-55FPS and good sound and music AMAZINGĭonkey Kong country 3 German Rom = Perfect full 50FPS and good sound and music Super Metroid German Rom = Perfect full 50FPS and good sound and music Lufia German Rom = Perfect full 50FPS and good sound and musicĬontra III USA Rom = Perfect full 60FPS and good sound and musicīattletoads = PAL Rom = Perfect full 50FPS and good sound and music Illusion of Time German Rom = Perfect full 50FPS and good sound and music Wolfenstein 3D BETA 2 Rom = Perfect full 60FPS and good sound and music YEAH Thank YOU ! Terranigma German Rom = Perfect full 50FPS and good sound and music Kirbys Dream Land 3 USA Rom = Perfect full 60FPS and good sound and music Secret of Evermore German Rom = Perfect full 50FPS and good sound and music Killer Instinct PAL Rom = Perfect full 50FPS and good sound and music ![]() Mortal Kombat II USA Rom = Perfect full 60FPS and good sound and music Ultimate Mortal Kombat 3 USA Rom = Perfect full 60FPS and good sound and music no frameskip used (dont use auto frameskip), Here is a "partial" list of my SNES Roms: I didn't bother checking out anything else, because all of my other SNES Roms work flawlessly on the CATSFC-LIBRETRO emulator, it's just a fantastic SNES emulator for the PS Vita.Īnd while I've NOT checked out the special features of this app, and that I am also GRATEFUL to the developer/s who made this app, I will stick to what I have that works great for SNES games. Is there anything about this new emulator that supersedes it?ĮDIT: I just installed and tried this emulator, and Star Fox is just as bad on the Chimera as it is on the CATSFC-LIBRETRO. It's a mess.and I guess for a good reason. The ONLY game, and I mean the ONLY game that doesn't run on it is Star Fox. Every SNES game I have on it runs PERFECTLY, look WAY BETTER THAN THEY SHOULD, and just about all of them run 60FPS (Super Metroid, Earthworm Jim, Donkey Kong Country, etc.). Hello my PacBunny Friend!!! I've been usingĬATSFC-Libretrofor SNES games for AGES. It is my contention that use of these songs has declined and they are now used more often in festival settings than in routine weekly worship. The Army grew rapidly, often in spite of fierce opposition from established churches, pub owners, and other leaders in society. These militant songs were used to great effect, inspiring new converts to join in the battle. Songs were filled with references to fighting in a war, conquering the world, serving faithfully alongside comrades, obedience to the commander, etc. When the organization adopted a military form of organization and its current name they also began to use military musical styles. From the earliest days Booth adapted music which was familiar to the people to communicate his evangelistic message. As he gained new converts they were shunned by the established churches and he found it necessary to provide places where they could worship and express their new-found freedom from old habits and vices which had enslaved them. Booth was especially concerned with working among the poorest classes of society and did not set out to establish a separate organization. The Salvation Army was founded in 1865 by a Methodist minister, William Booth, in London England. It is my purpose to examine some of the changes which are taking place within The Salvation Army as evidenced by changes in the music which is in common usage in Salvation Army meetings.Ī brief review of Salvation Army history will be helpful. The Salvation Army has established a subculture with distinctive musical styles and practices. ![]() You may wonder what this is doing in a class on "Music of World Cultures". I am not concerned with the use of martial music by Songster Brigades (the Army's term for choirs) or used in special gatherings (camp meetings, Congress, etc.), nor with brass band music except as an accompaniment to congregational singing. I am concerned here with vocal music for congregational singing in regular weekly meetings. This will be a brief examination of the role of martial music (music with a military style or theme) in The Salvation Army's public meetings. I settled instead for a related topic with which I have more familiarity and readily available resources. ![]() This subject did not lend itself well to meaningful exploration within the time available for this project. ![]() My initial thought was to explore whether The Salvation Army's work among various cultures around the world had resulted in incorporation of various cultural music styles into the Army's mainstream English-language songs. |
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