Apply the theory of groupthink to a well-known decision-making group, such as the group of advisors responsible for planning the Bay of Pigs operation.Summarize the methods used by Latané, Williams, and Harkins to identify the relative impact of social loafing and coordination problems on group performance.Use theories of social facilitation to predict when a group will perform tasks slowly or quickly (e.g., students eating a meal as a group, workers on an assembly line, or a study group).Compare the sociometer model of self-esteem to a more traditional view of self-esteem.Review the evidence that suggests humans have a fundamental need to belong to groups.People also turn to groups when important decisions must be made, and this choice is justified as long as groups avoid such problems as group polarization and groupthink. Success sometimes eludes our groups, but when group members learn to work together as a cohesive team their success becomes more certain. Groups are also practically significant, for much of the world’s work is done by groups rather than by individuals. Joining groups satisfies our need to belong, gain information and understanding through social comparison, define our sense of self and social identity, and achieve goals that might elude us if we worked alone. Just as each of us influences the group and the people in the group, so, too, do groups change each one of us. Each of us is an autonomous individual seeking our own objectives, yet we are also members of groups-groups that constrain us, guide us, and sustain us. This module assumes that a thorough understanding of people requires a thorough understanding of groups.
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